Publication List by Date
Preprints
Frank, S. A. Circuit design in biology and machine learning. I. Random networks and dimensional reduction. arXiv:2408.09604.
Frank, S. A. Circuit design in biology and machine learning. II. Anomaly detection. arXiv:2411.15647.
Frank, S. A. Natual selection at multiple scales. arXiv:2410.18732
2024
Frank, S. A. & Yanai, I. The origin of novel traits in cancer. Trends in Cancer 10:880-892 (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. A biological circuit to anticipate trend. Evolution Letters 8:719-725. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Two principles of success [commentary]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 121:e2417410121. (reprint, doi)
2023
Frank, S. A. Robustness and complexity. Cell Systems 14:1015-1020. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Disease from opposing forces in regulatory control. Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 11:348-352. (abstract, reprint)
Kümmerli, R. & Frank, S. A. Evolutionary explanations for heterogenous behavior in clonal bacterial populations. Trends in Microbiology 7:665-667. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Robustness increases heritability: implications for familial disease. Evolution 77:655-659. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. An enhanced transcription factor repressilator that buffers stochasticity and entrains to an erratic external circadian signal. Frontiers in Systems Biology 3:1276734. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Precise traits from sloppy components: perception and the origin of phenotypic response. Entropy 25:1162. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Optimizing differential equations to fit data and predict outcomes. Ecology and Evolution 13:e9895. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Numbers of mutations within multicellular bodies: why it matters. Axioms 12:12. (abstract, reprint)
2022
Frank, S. A. Microbial Life History: The Fundamental Forces of Biological Design. Princeton University Press. (info, preprint)
Frank, S. A. The number of neutral mutants in an expanding Luria-Delbrück population is approximately Fréchet. F1000Research 11:1254. (abstract, reprint, F1000)
Frank, S. A. Optimization of transcription factor genetic circuits. Biology 11:1294. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Automatic differentiation and the optimization of differential equation models in biology. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10:1010278. (abstract, reprint)
2020
Frank, S. A. Metabolic heat in microbial conflict and cooperation. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:275. (abstract, reprint, video)
Kentsis, A. and Frank, S. A. Developmental mutators and early onset cancer. Frontiers in Pediatrics 8:189. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Godsoe, W. The generalized Price equation: forces that change population statistics. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:240. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Patten, M. M. Sexual antagonism leads to a mosaic of X-autosome conflict. Evolution 74:495-498. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Simple unity among the fundamental equations of science. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 375:20190351. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Bruggeman, F. J. The fundamental equations of change in statistical ensembles and biological populations. Entropy 22:1395. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Fox, G. A. The inductive theory of natural selection. Pages 171-193 in The Theory of Evolution, S. M. Scheiner and D. P. Mindell, eds. University of Chicago Press. (abstract, reprint, long preprint version)
2019
Frank, S. A. and Schmid-Hempel, P. Evolution of negative immune regulators. PLoS Pathogens 15:e1007913. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Bascompte, J. Invariance in ecological pattern. F1000Research 8:2093. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Evolutionary design of regulatory control. II. Robust error-correcting feedback increases genetic and phenotypic variability. Journal of Theoretical Biology 468:72-81. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Evolutionary design of regulatory control. I. A robust control theory analysis of tradeoffs. Journal of Theoretical Biology 463:121-137. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. The common patterns of abundance: the log series and Zipf's law. F1000Research 8:334. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. How to understand common patterns in big data: the case of human collective memory. Behavioral Sciences 9:40. (abstract, reprint, doi)
2018
Frank, S. A. Measurement invariance explains the universal law of generalization for psychological perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115:9803-9806. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. The Price equation program: simple invariances unify population dynamics, thermodynamics, probability, information and inference. Entropy 20:978. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A biochemical logarithmic sensor with broad dynamic range. F1000Research 7:200. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Control Theory Tutorial: Basic Concepts Illustrated by Software Examples. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. (book description and download)
Bush, R. M. and Frank, S. A. Occupational immunity and natural vaccination. ResearchGate doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.14987.34082. (abstract, preprint)
2017
Frank, S. A. Receptor uptake arrays for vitamin B12, siderophores and glycans shape bacterial communities. Ecology & Evolution 7:10175-10195. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Puzzles in modern biology. V. Why are genomes overwired? F1000Research 6:924. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Universal expressions of population change by the Price equation: natural selection, information, and maximum entropy production. Ecology and Evolution 7:3381–3396. (abstract, reprint)
Diffey, B. L. and Frank, S. A. Age-specific acceleration in malignant melanoma. F1000Research 6:27. (abstract, reprint)
2016
Frank, S. A. Commentary: The nature of cancer research. International Journal of Epidemiology 45:638-645. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Common probability patterns arise from simple invariances. Entropy 18:192. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Invariant death. F1000Research 5:2076. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. The invariances of power law size distributions. F1000Research 5:2074. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Puzzles in modern biology. I. Male sterility, failure reveals design. F1000Research 5:2288. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Puzzles in modern biology. II. Language, cancer and the recursive processes of evolutionary innovation. F1000Research 5:2289. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Puzzles in modern biology. III. Two kinds of causality in age-related disease. F1000Research 5:2533. (abstract, reprint, doi)
Frank, S. A. Puzzles in modern biology. IV. Neurodegeneration, localized origin and widespread decay. F1000Research 5:2537. (abstract, reprint, doi)
2015
Frank, S. A. D'Alembert's direct and inertial forces acting on populations: the Price equation and the fundamental theorem of natural selection. Entropy 17:7087–7100. (abstract, reprint)
2014
Frank, S. A. The inductive theory of natural selection: summary and synthesis. arXiv:1412.1285. (abstract, preprint)
Frank, S. A. How to read probability distributions as statements about process. Entropy 16:6059-6098. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic mosaicism and disease. Current Biology 24:R577-R581. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Generative models versus underlying symmetries to explain biological pattern. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27:1172-1178. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Microbial metabolism: optimal control of uptake versus synthesis. PeerJ 2:e267. (abstract, reprint)
2013
Frank, S. A. Input-output relations in biological systems: measurement, information and the Hill equation. Biology Direct 8:31. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolution of robustness and cellular stochasticity of gene expression. PLoS Biology 11:e1001578. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Microbial evolution: regulatory design prevents cancer-like overgrowths. Current Biology 23:R343-R346. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A new theory of cooperation. Pages 40–47 in Human Social Evolution: The Foundational Works of Richard D. Alexander, K. Summers and B. Crespi, eds. Oxford University Press. (abstract, preprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. VII. History and interpretation of kin selection theory. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26:1151-1184. (abstract, reprint, supplement1, supplement2)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. VI. Partitioning the information in fitness and characters by path analysis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26:457-471. (abstract, reprint)
2012
Frank, S. A. Mitochondrial burden on male health [commentary]. Current Biology 22:R797-799. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Rosner, M. R. Nonheritable cellular variability accelerates the evolutionary processes of cancer. PLoS Biology 10:e1001296. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. V. How to read the fundamental equations of evolutionary change in terms of information theory. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25:2377-2396. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. IV. The Price equation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25:1002-1019. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. III. Selection versus transmission and the levels of selection. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25:227-243. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Wright's adaptive landscape versus Fisher's fundamental theorem. Pages 41-57 in The Adaptive Landscape in Evolutionary Biology. E. Svensson and R. Calsbeek, eds. Oxford University Press. (abstract, preprint)
2011
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. I. Variable environments and uncertain returns on investment. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:2299-2309. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection. II. Developmental variability and evolutionary rate. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:2310-2320. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Crespi, B. J. Pathology from evolutionary conflict, with a theory of X chromosome versus autosome conflict over sexually antagonistic traits. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108 (Suppl. 2):10886-10893. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Cancer: the whole story [book review]. PLoS Biology 9:e1001044. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Smith, E. A simple derivation and classification of common probability distributions based on information symmetry and measurement scale. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:469-484. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Measurement scale in maximum entropy models of species abundance. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 24:485-496. (abstract, reprint)
2010
Frank, S. A. The trade-off between rate and yield in the design of microbial metabolism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23:609-613. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Microbial secretor-cheater dynamics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 365:2515-2522. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A general model of the public goods dilemma. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23:1245-1250. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Demography and the tragedy of the commons. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 23:32-39. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. History of science: belief, reason, and insight [book review]. Science 329:279-280. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic evolutionary genomics: Mutations during development cause highly variable genetic mosaicism with risk of cancer and neurodegeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107:1725-1730. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Smith, D. E. Measurement invariance, entropy, and probability. Entropy 12:289-303. (abstract, reprint)
2009
Frank, S. A. The common patterns of nature. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:1563-1585. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Natural selection maximizes Fisher information. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22:231-244. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolutionary foundations of cooperation and group cohesion. Pages 3-40 in Games, Groups, and the Global Good. S. A. Levin, ed. Springer-Verlag. (abstract, reprint)
2008
Frank, S. A. and Schmid-Hempel, P. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and the evolution of parasite virulence. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21:396-404. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolutionary dynamics of redundant regulatory control. Journal of Theoretical Biology 255:64-68. (abstract, reprint)
2007
Frank, S. A. Dynamics of Cancer: Incidence, Inheritance, and Evolution. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. Maladaptation and the paradox of robustness in evolution. PLoS ONE 2(10):e1021. (abstract, reprint, PLoS link)
Frank, S. A. All of life is social. Current Biology 17:R648-R650. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolution of antigenic variation. Pages 225-242 in Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases: Modern Methodologies. M. Tibayrenc, ed. Wiley. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Bush, R. M. Barriers to antigenic escape by pathogens: trade-off between reproductive rate and antigenic mutability. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:229 (abstract, reprint, BMC link).
Schmid-Hempel, P. and Frank, S. A. Pathogenesis, virulence, and infective dose. PLoS Pathogens 3(10):e147. (abstract, reprint, PLoS link)
2006
Barbour, A. G., Dai, Q., Restrepo, B. I., Stoenner, H. G., and Frank, S. A. Pathogen escape from host immunity by a genome program for antigenic variation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103:18290-18295. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barbour, A. G. Within-host dynamics of antigenic variation. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 6:141-146. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Social selection. Pages 350-363 in Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts and Case Studies. C. W. Fox and J. B. Wolf, eds. Oxford University Press. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and McKenzie, R. B. The male-female pay gap driven by coupling between labor markets and mating markets. Journal of Bioeconomics 8:269-274. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Mathematical biology: Master class in evolutionary modeling [Book review]. Science 314:1878-1879. (reprint)
2005
Frank, S. A. Age-specific incidence of inherited versus sporadic cancers: A test of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 102:1071-1075. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., Chen, P.-C. and Lipkin, S. M. Kinetics of cancer: a method to test hypotheses of genetic causation. BMC Cancer 5:163. (abstract, reprint, BMC site)
2004
Frank, S. A. Genetic variation in cancer predisposition: mutational decay of a robust genetic control network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101:8061-8065. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Age-specific acceleration of cancer. Current Biology 14:242-246. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Nowak, M. A. Problems of somatic mutation and cancer. BioEssays 26:291-299. (abstract, reprint)
André, J.-B., Gupta, S., Frank, S. and Tibayrenc, M. 2004. Evolution and immunology of infectious diseases: what's new? Infection, Genetics and Evolution 4:69-75. (reprint)
Lin, S-C. J., Lee, K-F., Nikitin, A. Y., Hilsenbeck, S. G., Cardiff, R. D., Li, A., Kang, K-W., Frank, S. A., Lee, W.-H., Lee, E. Y-H. P. Somatic mutation of p53 leads to estrogen receptor alpha-positive and -negative mouse mammary tumors with high frequency of metastasis. Cancer Research 64:3525-3532. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Commentary: Mathematical models of cancer progression and epidemiology in the age of high throughput genomics. International Journal of Epidemiology 33:1179-1181. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Genetic predisposition to cancer--insights from population genetics. Nature Reviews Genetics 5:764-772. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Inheritance of cancer. Discovery Medicine 4:396-400. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A multistage theory of age-specific acceleration in human mortality. BMC Biology 2:16. (BMC site, abstract, reprint)
2003
Frank, S. A. Genetic variation of polygenic characters and the evolution of genetic degeneracy. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 16:138-142. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Mergers and acquisitions: Book review of Evolution beyond Natural Selection by Frank Ryan. Nature 421:579-580. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Nowak, M. A. Developmental predisposition to cancer. Nature 422:494 (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic mutation: early cancer steps depend on tissue architecture. Current Biology 13:R261-R263. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barr, C. M. Programmed cell death and hybrid incompatibility. Journal of Heredity 94:181-183. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., Iwasa, Y. and Nowak, M. A. Patterns of cell division and the risk of cancer. Genetics 163:1527-1532. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Repression of competition and the evolution of cooperation. Evolution 57:693-705. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Somatic mosaicism and cancer: inference based on a conditional Luria-Delbrück distribution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 223:405-412. (abstract, reprint)
Michor, F., Nowak, M. A., Frank, S. A. and Iwasa, Y. Stochastic elimination of cancer. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270:2017-2024. (abstract, reprint)
Michor, F., Frank, S. A., May, R. M., Iwasa, Y. and Nowak, M. A. Somatic selection for and against cancer. Journal of Theoretical Biology 225:377-382. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Viral genetics: deadly partnerships [News and Views]. Nature 425:251-252. (abstract, reprint)
2002
Frank, S. A. Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. George Price. Pages 930-931 in Encyclopedia of Evolution. M. Pagel, ed. Oxford University Press. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. Immune response to parasitic attack: evolution of a pulsed character. Journal of Theoretical Biology 219:281-290. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A touchstone in the study of adaptation [Book review of Sex Ratios: Concepts and Research Methods]. Evolution 56:2561-2564. (reprint)
2001
Frank, S. A. and Jeffrey, J. S. The probability of severe disease in zoonotic and commensal infections. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 268:53-60. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Multiplicity of infection and the evolution of hybrid incompatibility in segmented viruses. Heredity 87:522-529. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Barr, C. M. Spatial dynamics of cytoplasmic male sterility. Pages 219-243 in Integrating Ecology and Evolution in a Spatial Context. J. Silvertown and J. Antonovics, eds. Blackwell Science, Oxford. (abstract, reprint)
2000
Frank, S. A. Sperm competition and female avoidance of polyspermy mediated by sperm-egg biochemistry. Evolutionary Ecology Research 2:613-625. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Specific and non-specific defense against parasitic attack. Journal of Theoretical Biology 202:283-304. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Polymorphism of attack and defense. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:167-171. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Within-host spatial dynamics of viruses and defective interfering particles. Journal of Theoretical Biology 206:279-290. (abstract, reprint)
1999
Frank, S. A. Population and quantitative genetics of regulatory networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology 197:281-294. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A model for the sequential dominance of antigenic variants in African trypanosome infections. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266:1397-1401. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Development of colony phenotype in social insects controlled by frequency-dependent thresholds among workers. Evolutionary Ecology Research 1:1003-1007. (abstract, reprint)
1998
Frank, S. A. Foundations of Social Evolution. Princeton University Press. (description and download)
Frank, S. A. Dynamics of cytoplasmic incompatibility with multiple Wolbachia infections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 192:213-218. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Amarasekare, P. Increasing resource specialization among competitors shifts control of diversity from local to spatial processes. Ecology Letters 1:3-5. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Inducible defence and the social evolution of herd immunity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 265:1911-1913. (abstract, reprint)
1997
Frank, S. A. Spatial processes in host-parasite genetics. Pages 325-352 in Metapopulation Biology: Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution, I. Hanski and M. Gilpin, eds. Academic Press, New York. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Developmental selection and self-organization. BioSystems 40:237-243. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The design of adaptive systems: optimal parameters for variation and selection in learning and development. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:31-39. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Cytoplasmic incompatibility and population structure. Journal of Theoretical Biology 184:327-330. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Models of symbiosis. American Naturalist 150:S80-S99. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Multivariate analysis of correlated selection and kin selection, with an ESS maximization method. Journal of Theoretical Biology 189:307-316. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The Price Equation, Fisher's fundamental theorem, kin selection, and causal analysis. Evolution 51:1712-1729. (abstract, reprint)
1996
Frank, S. A. Models of parasite virulence. Quarterly Review of Biology 71:37-78. (abstract, reprint)
Taylor, P. D. and Frank, S. A. How to make a kin selection model. Journal of Theoretical Biology 180:27-37. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The design of natural and artificial adaptive systems. Pages 451-505 in Adaptation, M. R. Rose and G. V. Lauder, eds. Academic Press. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Statistical properties of polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Evolutionary Ecology 10:307-317. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Problems inferring the specificity of plant-pathogen genetics [a reply to M. Parker]. Evolutionary Ecology 10:323-325. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Host-symbiont conflict over the mixing of symbiotic lineages. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 263:339-344. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Host control of symbiont transmission: the separation of symbionts into germ and soma. American Naturalist 148:1113-1124. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. and Hurst, L. D. Mitochondria and male disease. Nature 383:224. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Policing and group cohesion when resources vary. Animal Behaviour 52:1163-1169. (abstract, reprint)
1995
Frank, S. A. Mutual policing and repression of competition in the evolution of cooperative groups. Nature 377:520-522. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The origin of synergistic symbiosis. Journal of Theoretical Biology 176:403-410. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Sex allocation in solitary bees and wasps. American Naturalist 146:316-323. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. George Price's contributions to evolutionary genetics. Journal of Theoretical Biology 175:373-388. (abstract, reprint)
1994
Frank, S. A. Coevolutionary genetics of hosts and parasites with quantitative inheritance. Evolutionary Ecology 8:74-94. (abstract, reprint)
Olivieri, I., and Frank, S. A. The evolution of nodulation in Rhizobium: altruism in the rhizosphere. Journal of Heredity 85:46-47. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. Spatial polymorphism of bacteriocins and other allelopathic traits. Evolutionary Ecology 8:369-386. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Polymorphism of bacterial restriction-modification systems: the advantage of diversity. Evolution 48:1470-1477. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Genetics of mutualism: the evolution of altruism between species. Journal of Theoretical Biology 170:393-400. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Kin selection and virulence in the evolution of protocells and parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 258:153-161. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Recognition and polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 346:283-293. (abstract, reprint)
1993
Frank, S. A. Coevolutionary genetics of plants and pathogens. Evolutionary Ecology 7:45-75. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A model of inducible defense. Evolution 47:325-327. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Specificity versus detectable polymorphism in host-parasite genetics. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 254:191-197. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Evolution of host-parasite diversity. Evolution 47:1721-1732. (abstract, reprint)
1992
Frank, S. A. and Slatkin, M. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:92-95. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Models of plant-pathogen coevolution. Trends in Genetics 8:213-219. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. A kin selection model for the evolution of virulence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 25:195-197. (abstract, reprint)
1991
Frank, S. A. Spatial variation in coevolutionary dynamics. Evolutionary Ecology 5:193-217. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Ecological and genetic models of host-pathogen coevolution. Heredity 67:73-83. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Divergence of meiotic drive-suppression systems as an explanation for sex-biased hybrid sterility and inviability. Evolution 45:262-267. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Haldane's rule: a defense of the meiotic drive theory. Evolution 45:1714-1717. (abstract, reprint)
1990
Slatkin, M., and Frank, S. A. The quantitative genetic consequences of pleiotropy under stabilizing and directional selection. Genetics 125:207-213. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Slatkin, M. The distribution of allelic effects under mutation and selection. Genetical Research 55:111-117. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. When to copy or avoid an opponent's strategy. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145:41-46. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Slatkin, M. Evolution in a variable environment. American Naturalist 136:244-260. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Sex allocation theory for birds and mammals. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21:13-55. (abstract, reprint)
1989
Frank, S. A. The evolutionary dynamics of cytoplasmic male sterility. American Naturalist 133:345-376. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A., and Crespi, B. J. Synergism between sib rearing and sex ratio in Hymenoptera. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 24:155-162. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of fig communities. Experientia 45:674-680. (abstract, reprint)
1988
Frank, S. A., and Swingland, I. R. Sex ratio under conditional sex expression. Journal of Theoretical Biology 135:415-418. (abstract, reprint)
1987
Frank, S. A. Individual and population sex allocation patterns. Theoretical Population Biology 31:47-74. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Variable sex ratio among colonies of ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20:195-201. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Demography and sex ratio in social spiders. Evolution 41:1267-1281. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Weapons and fighting in fig wasps. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 2:259-260. (Review of article by M. Murray) (reprint)
1986
Frank, S. A. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. I. General solutions for structured populations. Theoretical Population Biology 29:312-342. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. The genetic value of sons and daughters. Heredity 56:351-354. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Dispersal polymorphisms in subdivided populations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 122:303-309. (abstract, reprint)
1985
Frank, S. A. Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. II. On applying the theory, and a test with fig wasps. Evolution 39:949-964. (abstract, reprint)
Frank, S. A. Are mating and mate competition by the fig wasp Pegoscapus assuetus (Agaonidae) random within a fig? Biotropica 17:170-172. (abstract, reprint)
1984
Frank, S. A. The behavior and morphology of the fig wasps Pegoscapus assuetus and P. jimenezi: Descriptions and suggested behavioral characters for phylogenetic studies. Psyche 91:289-308. (abstract, reprint)
1983
Frank, S. A. Theoretical and Empirical Studies of Sex Ratios, Mainly in Fig Wasps. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville. (reprint)
Frank, S. A. A hierarchical view of sex-ratio patterns. The Florida Entomologist 66:42-75. (abstract, reprint)